Half of Infertility Cases Involve Men. Why Does Care Still Treat It as a Women’s Issue?
By Robert E. Brannigan, MD, urologist and President of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM)
Fertility care is now firmly in the national spotlight, following renewed political attention, including the TrumpRx program, which promotes lower-cost drugs used in IVF. While such efforts are encouraging and signal growing interest in expanding access, their overall impact unfortunately remains limited. Medications account for only a fraction of the total cost of treatment. For the millions of Americans navigating infertility, barriers to care are rarely driven by a single factor.
For many patients, the path to fertility care is already complex, involving months or even years of uncertainty, significant financial strain, and emotional stress. Access is shaped not only by cost, but by how care is delivered, how conditions are diagnosed, and whether patients receive timely, appropriate evaluation at all. Efforts to improve access must take a comprehensive view of care, not just one piece of the cost equation.
As attention to fertility care grows, it also risks reinforcing an outdated narrative. In many cases, the national conversation has not caught up to the science. Infertility continues to be treated primarily as a women’s issue, despite being a shared medical condition that requires a more balanced, evidence-based approach.
Male factors are the sole cause of infertility in 20–30% of cases and play a contributing role in another 20–30% of cases. Taken together, about half of all infertile couples have a male-factor component. Yet care delivery has not kept pace with this reality, with women still undergoing the majority of testing and treatment regardless of the underlying cause.
This imbalance has real consequences. Women are frequently assumed to be the source of infertility, placing a disproportionate medical and emotional burden on them, even when male factors are involved. The World Health Organization (WHO) has documented the stigma, stress, and, in some cases, violence or divorce that women may face as a result.
In some settings, these pressures are so acute that couples may feel compelled to demonstrate fertility early, even avoiding contraception out of fear of social consequences. These dynamics are not theoretical. They shape real decisions about health, timing, and family building.
This imbalance is not just outdated, it is harmful. When men are not evaluated early, underlying causes can go undiagnosed, delaying effective care and increasing the likelihood of unnecessary, and sometimes invasive, interventions for women.
A more balanced model requires evaluating both partners from the outset, avoiding assumptions about causation, and ensuring each patient receives appropriate, individualized support. This shift can reduce unnecessary burden, improve clinical outcomes, and lead to more efficient, evidence-based care. It can also help ensure that healthcare resources are used more effectively, an increasingly important consideration as policymakers look for ways to expand access.
Male fertility is about more than reproduction; it can also serve as an important indicator of overall health. Abnormal semen parameters have been associated with increased risks of certain cancers and other medical conditions, offering an early signal of broader health concerns that extend well beyond fertility. Early evaluation, therefore, is not only about building families, it is an opportunity to identify risks that might otherwise go undetected and connect patients to appropriate care.
Encouragingly, many causes of male infertility are treatable. Conditions such as varicoceles, reproductive tract obstruction, and hormonal imbalances can often be addressed directly, improving both reproductive and overall health outcomes. When treatment is not possible, advancements in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) provide additional pathways to parenthood, including techniques that can utilize even small numbers of viable sperm.
Infertility is common and increasingly understood. With that understanding should come a shift in how we approach care, one that reflects both the shared nature of infertility and the importance of early, comprehensive evaluation. Clinicians, policymakers, and patients must move beyond outdated assumptions and embrace an evidence-based model that recognizes the role of both partners. That shift is not just good medicine. It is essential to designing policies that improve access and outcomes.
By evaluating and treating male and female factors together, we can reduce unnecessary interventions, improve outcomes, and better support the millions of individuals and couples navigating infertility.
National Infertility Awareness Week is an important moment to elevate this conversation, but meaningful change will require sustained attention. At a time when reproductive medicine is receiving increased national focus, it is critical that clinical expertise and evidence guide the path forward, ensuring a more balanced, effective, and patient-centered approach to infertility care, grounded in evidence, equity, and the realities patients face every day.
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Robert E. Brannigan, MD, is President of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine
For almost a century, the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) has been the global leader in multidisciplinary reproductive medicine research, ethical practice, and education. ASRM impacts reproductive care and science worldwide by creating funding opportunities for advancing reproduction research and discovery, by providing evidence-based education and public health information, and by advocating for reproductive health care professionals and the patients they serve. With members in more than 100 countries, the Society is headquartered in Washington, DC, with additional operations in Birmingham, AL. www.asrm.org
For media inquiries regarding this press release contact:
Sean Tipton
ASRM Chief Advocacy and Policy Officer
E: stipton@asrm.org
Anna Hovey
Advocacy Engagement Specialist
E: ahovey@asrm.org
J. Benjamin Younger Office of Public Affairs
726 7th St. SE
Washington, DC 20003
Tel: (202) 863-2494
Fertility in the News
Half of Infertility Cases Involve Men. Why Does Care Still Treat It as a Women’s Issue?
Since 1989, National Infertility Awareness Week (NIAW) has marked a critical moment each April to elevate public understanding of infertility and push for better care.
National Infertility Awareness Week Highlights Record IVF Births, Growing Demand for Fertility Care
IVF births surpass 100,000 in one year, highlighting demand for fertility care as ASRM urges awareness, reduced stigma, and expanded access nationwide.Resources For You
Advocacy Resources
ASRM has prepared resources to help you explain and advocate for reproductive rights and the continuation of in vitro fertilization and other fertility treatments.
Frequently Asked Questions
ASRM's Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) provides answers to common questions about reproductive health.
Patient Journeys
ASRM has resources and publications to help you through each stage of your journey.
State and Territory Infertility Insurance Laws
One way that ASRM works to improve access to fertility care is by advocating for insurance coverage for reproductive medicine care. All patients should have access to the care they need.
Fact Sheets and Infographics
ASRM produces a series of fact sheets and booklets on various topics related to infertility, reproductive health, and family planning. The fact sheets and booklets are available in English, Spanish, and Chinese.
Reproductive Rights and You
The Dobbs decision has sparked a litany of changes in state laws across the nation, and more are expected. We need your help!
Reproductive Topics
Find all the resources on a specific topic compiled onto a single page.
SART Fertility Experts Podcast
An educational project of ASRM's affiliated society, the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART), this series is designed to provide up to date information about a variety of topics related to fertility testing and treatment such as IVF.
Patient Education Videos
ASRM and its affiliated society SART have made several videos to explain the sometimes difficult topics related to reproductive medicine.
Terms and Definitions
Find explanations for the meaning behind the doctor-speak you hear when trying to research reproductive medicine topics. ASRM has defined the most popular terms in easy to understand language.
Patient Stories
Read real-life stories from patients who have faced reproductive medicine challenges and come out stronger on the other side.
Fertility in the News
ASRM Press Releases and Bulletins are published by ASRM's Office of Public Affairs to inform the world about important happenings in reproductive medicine and at ASRM.
Find a Health Professional
Female Fertility
Half of Infertility Cases Involve Men. Why Does Care Still Treat It as a Women’s Issue?
Since 1989, National Infertility Awareness Week (NIAW) has marked a critical moment each April to elevate public understanding of infertility and push for better care. View the Press ReleaseNew Research Links “Forever Chemicals” to Reduced Fertility, Pregnancy Complications
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If you've been trying to get pregnant for more than a year, you may have infertility. Infertility is a disease of the reproductive system that impairs one of the body's most basic functions: the conception of children.
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Ovulasyon, bir kadının yumurtalıklarından bir yumurtanın salınmasıdır ve hamile kalmak için gereklidir. View the fact sheetSART Fertility Experts - Endometriosis
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Infertility is typically defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy after one year of unprotected intercourse. View the bookletInfertility
Infertility is the result of a disease (an interruption, cessation, or disorder of body functions, systems, or organs) of the male or female reproductive tract which prevents the conception of a child or the ability to carry a pregnancy to delivery. Watch VideoBasic Infertility Evaluation
Dr. Roger Lobo of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine discusses the various methods to evaluate infertility. Watch VideoFibroid Tumors
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Half of Infertility Cases Involve Men. Why Does Care Still Treat It as a Women’s Issue?
Since 1989, National Infertility Awareness Week (NIAW) has marked a critical moment each April to elevate public understanding of infertility and push for better care. View the Press ReleaseNational Infertility Awareness Week Highlights Record IVF Births, Growing Demand for Fertility Care
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View the Patient JourneyFemale Fertility Journey
If you've been trying to get pregnant for more than a year, you may have infertility. Infertility is a disease of the reproductive system that impairs one of the body's most basic functions: the conception of children.
View the Patient JourneyStress and infertility
It is not clear how exactly stress impacts fertility. Read the Fact SheetHyperprolactinemia (High Prolactin Levels)
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Infertility is the result of a disease (an interruption, cessation, or disorder of body functions, systems, or organs) of the male or female reproductive tract which prevents the conception of a child or the ability to carry a pregnancy to delivery. Watch VideoBasic Infertility Evaluation
Dr. Roger Lobo of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine discusses the various methods to evaluate infertility. Watch VideoFibroid Tumors
An educational video that answers patient questions about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and management of uterine fibroids. Watch VideoInfertility Treatments
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Half of Infertility Cases Involve Men. Why Does Care Still Treat It as a Women’s Issue?
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Drs. Timothy Hickman and Rashmi Kudesia discuss the links between lifestyle and fertility. Listen to the EpisodeMale Fertility Journey
About 20% of infertility cases are due to a male factor alone. Another 30% involves both male and female factors.
View the Patient Journey