Revizyon 2023
Gebelik için ideal kiloda olup olmadığınızı anlamanın en kolay yollarından biri, vücut kitle indeksinizi (VKİ) hesaplamaktır. İnternette birçok VKİ hesaplama aracı mevcuttur (arama terimi: BMI tablosu). Boyunuzu ve kilonuzu girerek VKİ’nizi öğrenebilirsiniz.
- VKİ 19–24 arası normal kabul edilir.
- 19’un altı zayıf,
- 25–29 arası fazla kilolu,
- 30’un üzeri ise obez olarak sınıflandırılır.
Kilo, kadın üreme sistemi olan bireylerde doğurganlığı nasıl etkiler?
Zayıf, fazla kilolu ve obez bireylerin birçoğu gebe kalmakta sorun yaşamaz. Ancak bazıları yumurtlama problemleri (yumurtalıkların yumurta salmaması) nedeniyle gebe kalmakta zorluk çekebilir.
VKİ’si 18.5 veya daha düşük olan bireylerde genellikle düzensiz adet döngüleri görülür ve yumurtlama tamamen durabilir. Bu durumda, nedenin belirlenmesi ve tedavi stratejilerinin oluşturulması için bir hekime başvurulmalıdır. Obez aralıktaki VKİ’ler de adet düzensizliğine ve yumurtlama sorunlarına yol açabilir. Ancak yumurtlama düzenli olsa bile, obez bireylerde gebelik oranları normal kilodaki bireylere göre daha düşüktür. Bu da doğurganlık sorunlarının yalnızca yumurtlama ile sınırlı olmadığını gösterir. Gebelik öncesinde sağlık kontrolü yaptırmak, obeziteye bağlı tiroit hastalığı, insülin direnci ve diyabet gibi diğer durumları belirlemeye yardımcı olabilir.
Obezite, tedaviyle gebelik ve sağlıklı bebek sahibi olma şansını etkiler mi?
Obezitenin tüp bebek (IVF) başarı oranlarını etkilediğine dair güçlü kanıtlar vardır. Araştırmalar, obez bireylerde gebelik oranlarının daha düşük, düşük (abortus) oranlarının ise daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca obez bireylerde gebelikte diyabet (gebelik diyabeti) ve yüksek tansiyon (preeklampsi) gelişme riski artar.
Obez bireylerin sezaryen doğum yapma olasılığı da daha yüksektir. Bu bireylerin bebeklerinde doğum kusurları ve iri doğum ağırlığı riski artabilir.
Erkek üreme sistemi olan bireylerde obezite doğurganlığı etkiler mi?
Evet. Obezite, testosteron düzeyleri ve üreme için gerekli olan diğer hormonlarda değişikliklere neden olabilir. Fazla kilolu ve obez erkeklerde sperm sayısı düşük olabilir ve sperm hareketliliği (motilite) normal kilolu erkeklere göre daha azdır.
Obez kategorisindeysem, gebe kalmadan önce VKİ’mi düşürmeli miyim?
Öncelikle bir sağlık uzmanıyla görüşmelisiniz. Yaşınız ve diğer doğurganlık faktörleri dikkate alınarak zayıflamanızın gerekip gerekmediği değerlendirilir. Diyet değişikliği ve egzersizle birlikte destek gruplarına katılım etkili olabilir. Ancak yaşınız ileri ya da VKİ’niz 40’ın üzerindeyse, bu ilk basamak yaklaşımı uygun olmayabilir.
Bu durumda, bariyatrik cerrahi (obezite cerrahisi) en etkili
Bu durumda, bariyatrik cerrahi (obezite cerrahisi) en etkili
kilo verme yöntemi olabilir.
Polikistik over sendromum (PKOS) var ve kiloluyum. Farklı bir şey yapmam gerekir mi?
PKOS, yumurtalığı olan genç bireylerde sık görülen bir durumdur (yaklaşık %8–10).
Ultrasonda çok sayıda kist görülmesine dayanarak sıklıkla fazla teşhis konulsa da, PKOS tanısı düzensiz adet döngüsü ve androjen fazlalığı (hiperandrojenizm) bulgularına dayanır. Her PKOS bireyi fazla kilolu değildir, ancak çoğunda insülin direnci ve/veya obezite vardır. Sağlıklı beslenme ve egzersiz, kilo kaybı sağlayarak adetlerin düzene girmesine ve yumurtlamanın gerçekleşmesine yardımcı olabilir.
Ultrasonda çok sayıda kist görülmesine dayanarak sıklıkla fazla teşhis konulsa da, PKOS tanısı düzensiz adet döngüsü ve androjen fazlalığı (hiperandrojenizm) bulgularına dayanır. Her PKOS bireyi fazla kilolu değildir, ancak çoğunda insülin direnci ve/veya obezite vardır. Sağlıklı beslenme ve egzersiz, kilo kaybı sağlayarak adetlerin düzene girmesine ve yumurtlamanın gerçekleşmesine yardımcı olabilir.
Yine de, gebelik için bazı bireylerde insülin direncini azaltan ilaçlar gibi ek tedaviler gerekebilir. Bu bireyler, Üreme Endokrinolojisi ve İnfertilite uzmanına başvurmalıdır. PKOS hakkında daha fazla bilgi için ASRM’nin “Polikistik Over
Sendromu” başlıklı bilgi notuna bakabilirsiniz. Size en yakın uzmana ulaşmak için ReproductiveFacts.org sitesindeki “Find an Expert” aracını kullanabilirsiniz.
Turkish Fact Sheets
View more fact sheets and booklets written by the ASRM Patient Education Committee and translated by the Turkish Society of Reproductive Medicine.Resources For You
The American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) is committed to providing patients with the highest quality information about reproductive care.
Advocacy Resources
ASRM has prepared resources to help you explain and advocate for reproductive rights and the continuation of in vitro fertilization and other fertility treatments.
Frequently Asked Questions
ASRM's Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) provides answers to common questions about reproductive health.
Patient Journeys
ASRM has resources and publications to help you through each stage of your journey.
State and Territory Infertility Insurance Laws
One way that ASRM works to improve access to fertility care is by advocating for insurance coverage for reproductive medicine care. All patients should have access to the care they need.
Fact Sheets and Infographics
ASRM produces a series of fact sheets and booklets on various topics related to infertility, reproductive health, and family planning. The fact sheets and booklets are available in English, Spanish, and Chinese.
Reproductive Rights and You
The Dobbs decision has sparked a litany of changes in state laws across the nation, and more are expected. We need your help!
Reproductive Topics
Find all the resources on a specific topic compiled onto a single page.
SART Fertility Experts Podcast
An educational project of ASRM's affiliated society, the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART), this series is designed to provide up to date information about a variety of topics related to fertility testing and treatment such as IVF.
Patient Education Videos
ASRM and its affiliated society SART have made several videos to explain the sometimes difficult topics related to reproductive medicine.
Terms and Definitions
Find explanations for the meaning behind the doctor-speak you hear when trying to research reproductive medicine topics. ASRM has defined the most popular terms in easy to understand language.
Patient Stories
Read real-life stories from patients who have faced reproductive medicine challenges and come out stronger on the other side.
Fertility in the News
ASRM Press Releases and Bulletins are published by ASRM's Office of Public Affairs to inform the world about important happenings in reproductive medicine and at ASRM.
Weight
PCOS with Dr. Mark Trolice and Dr. Anuja Dokras
In this episode of the SART Fertility Experts podcast, Dr. Mark Trolice sits down with PCOS expert Dr. Anuja Dokras, who explains diagnosis, risks, fertility, lifestyle changes, and new treatments to empower women with PCOS in 2025 and beyond. Listen to the Episode
SART Fertility Experts - Wellness and Fertility: Diet, Sleep and Exercise
Drs. Timothy Hickman and Rashmi Kudesia discuss the links between lifestyle and fertility. Listen to the Episode
Weight and fertility
One of the easiest ways to determine if you are underweight or overweight is to calculate your body mass index (BMI). View the fact sheet
Preparing for In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Lifestyle Factors
This SART micro-video discusses lifestyle factors that may affect in vitro fertilization, or IVF, outcomes. Watch VideoFemale Fertility
SART Fertility Experts - Fertility Myths and Realities for Black Women
Black women are more likely to experience infertility and less likely to seek and receive timely treatment. Listen to the Episode
SART Fertility Experts - Wellness and Fertility: Diet, Sleep and Exercise
Drs. Timothy Hickman and Rashmi Kudesia discuss the links between lifestyle and fertility. Listen to the Episode
SART Fertility Experts - Preconception Counseling
This podcast episode covers the topic of preconception counseling. Listen to the Episode
İnfertilite İçin Tanısal Testler
Gebelik elde edememiş çiftlere, korunmasız şekilde 12 ay boyunca denemelerine rağmen gebe kalamamışlarsa fertilite testleri önerilmektedir. View the fact sheet
Female Fertility Journey
If you've been trying to get pregnant for more than a year, you may have infertility. Infertility is a disease of the reproductive system that impairs one of the body's most basic functions: the conception of children.
View the Patient Journey
Stress and infertility
It is not clear how exactly stress impacts fertility. Read the Fact Sheet
Optimizing Natural Fertility
Before attempting pregnancy, a woman should make sure she is healthy enough for pregnancy by adopting a healthier lifestyle and taking prenatal vitamins. If she has a medical or genetic condition or risk of one, she should seek advice from a medical professional before conceiving (becoming pregnant) View the fact sheet
Abnormalities of the Female Reproductive Tract (Müllerian Anomalies)
Sometimes the uterus and fallopian tubes may not form like they should. These malformations are called müllerian anomalies or defects. Müllerian anomalies may make it difficult or impossible to become pregnant. View the Fact Sheet
Conditions Treated with Surgery on the Fallopian Tubes and Ovaries
Surgery can be used to treat problems with the ovaries or fallopian tubes, such as cysts, endometriosis, or infections. View the Fact Sheet
Diagnostic Testing for Infertility
An evaluation of a woman for infertility is appropriate for women who have not become pregnant after having 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse. View the Fact Sheet
Dilation and Curettage (D&C)
“Dilation and curettage” (D&C) is a short surgical procedure that removes tissue from your uterus (womb). You may need this procedure if you have unexplained or abnormal bleeding or if you have delivered a baby and placental tissue remains in your womb. View the Fact Sheet
Evaluation of the Uterus
If you haven’t been able to get pregnant after trying for 6 months, some tests can be done to help find the reason. Your doctor may test your hormone levels, your partner’s sperm, and your reproductive organs (ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus [womb]). View the Fact Sheet
Female Cancers, Cryopreservation, and Fertility
Yes! New technology lets your doctor remove and freeze eggs, fertilized eggs (embryos), or ovarian tissue before treating your cancer. This way, you may be able to have children after your treatment. View the Fact Sheet
Fertility Drugs And The Risk of Multiple Births
Infertility treatments that cause multiple eggs to develop make it more likely that you will become pregnant with twins, triplets, or more. This is called multiple gestation. View the Fact Sheet
Ovulation Detection
Ovulation, the release of an egg from its follicle in one of a woman’s two ovaries, is one of the most important factors in conceiving a child. View the fact sheet
Weight and fertility
One of the easiest ways to determine if you are underweight or overweight is to calculate your body mass index (BMI). View the fact sheet
Hypothyroidism and pregnancy: what should I know?
Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) is when the thyroid gland produces less thyroid hormone than it should. View the Fact Sheet
Kilo ve Doğurganlık
Gebelik için ideal kiloda olup olmadığınızı anlamanın en kolay yollarından biri, vücut kitle indeksinizi (VKİ) hesaplamaktır. View the fact sheet
Yumurtlamanın Belirlenmesi
Ovulasyon (yumurtlama), yumurtalığın içindeki folikülden bir yumurtanın salınmasıdır. View the fact sheet
Yumurtluyor muyum?
Ovulasyon, bir kadının yumurtalıklarından bir yumurtanın salınmasıdır ve hamile kalmak için gereklidir. View the fact sheet
SART Fertility Experts - Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a condition that can affect many facets of a person’s life, from pelvic pain to struggles with infertility. Listen to the Episode
SART Fertility Experts - IVF: Cycles of Hope and Heartbreak
Does stress cause infertility or is it the other way round? Listen to the Episode
What is Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL)?
This is a condition when a woman has 2 or more clinical pregnancy losses (miscarriages) before the pregnancies reach 20 weeks. View the fact sheet
SART Fertility Experts - Fibroids and Fertility
Fibroids and their impact on fertility are discussed in this episode featuring Dr. Elizabeth Stewart, interviewed by host Dr. Brooke Rossi. Listen to the Episode
Infertility: an Overview (booklet)
Infertility is typically defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy after one year of unprotected intercourse. View the booklet
Infertility
Infertility is the result of a disease (an interruption, cessation, or disorder of body functions, systems, or organs) of the male or female reproductive tract which prevents the conception of a child or the ability to carry a pregnancy to delivery. Watch Video
Basic Infertility Evaluation
Dr. Roger Lobo of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine discusses the various methods to evaluate infertility. Watch Video
Fibroid Tumors
An educational video that answers patient questions about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and management of uterine fibroids. Watch Video
Infertility Treatments
Dr. Roger Lobo of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine discusses the various treatments for infertility. Watch Video
Understanding Fertility
In this video series, Dr. Roger Lobo explains the basics of infertility, including causes, treatments and coping methods. Watch Video
Surviving the Roller Coaster Emotions of Infertility Treatment
The experience of infertility is a rollercoaster of hope and disappointment. Treatment presents an opportunity for hope as well as a new set of challenges. Watch Video
Endometriosis (booklet)
Women with endometriosis may experience infertility, pelvic pain, or both. This booklet will describe options for diagnosing and treating pain or infertility that may be attributed to endometriosis. View the Booklet
Causes of Female Infertility
Dr. Roger Lobo, of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine explains the causes of female infertility. Watch Video
FAQ About Infertility
Infertility is not an inconvenience; it's a disease of the reproductive system. Learn the facts
Female Fertility Infographics
ASRM has prepared infographics to illustrate the subject of Female Fertility better. View the Infographics
Ovarian Reserve Infographics
ASRM has prepared infographics to illustrate the subject of Ovarian Reserve better. View the InfographicsMale Fertility/Andrology
SART Fertility Experts - Azoospermia
Learn about azoospermia, its causes, diagnosis, and treatment options from top fertility experts. Early testing is key to effective infertility care. Listen to the Episode
SART Fertility Experts - Wellness and Fertility: Diet, Sleep and Exercise
Drs. Timothy Hickman and Rashmi Kudesia discuss the links between lifestyle and fertility. Listen to the Episode
İnfertilite İçin Tanısal Testler
Gebelik elde edememiş çiftlere, korunmasız şekilde 12 ay boyunca denemelerine rağmen gebe kalamamışlarsa fertilite testleri önerilmektedir. View the fact sheet
Male Fertility Journey
About 20% of infertility cases are due to a male factor alone. Another 30% involves both male and female factors.
View the Patient Journey
SART Fertility Experts - Urology and Male Reproductive Health
Male infertility is less often discussed than female infertility. Dr. Ajay Nangia discusses when a man should seek help with conceiving.
Listen to the Episode
Stress and infertility
It is not clear how exactly stress impacts fertility. Read the Fact Sheet
Optimizing Natural Fertility
Before attempting pregnancy, a woman should make sure she is healthy enough for pregnancy by adopting a healthier lifestyle and taking prenatal vitamins. If she has a medical or genetic condition or risk of one, she should seek advice from a medical professional before conceiving (becoming pregnant) View the fact sheet
Optimizing Male Fertility
About 20% of infertility cases are due to a male factor alone. Another 30% involves both male and female factors. View the fact sheet
Cancer and its impact on sperm, cryopreservation, and fertility
This can be confusing since the terms are often used interchangeably in the media and casual conversation. View the fact sheet
Male Fertility Evaluation: What do I need to know?
Infertility is the inability to achieve pregnancy after one year of unprotected sex. View the fact sheet
Sperm morphology (shape): Does it affect fertility?
The most common test of a man’s fertility is a semen analysis. View the fact sheet
Fertility Options for Men with Spinal Cord Injury
There are several reasons a man with a spinal cord injury (SCI) might have infertility. View the fact sheet
Varicocele
A varicocele is a variation of normal anatomy in which veins in the scrotum (the sac that holds the testicles) become enlarged and sometimes even visible. View the fact sheet
Weight and fertility
One of the easiest ways to determine if you are underweight or overweight is to calculate your body mass index (BMI). View the fact sheet
ERKEK FERTİLİTESİNİN OPTİMİZASYONU
Normal bir heteroseksüel çiftin bir yıl içinde hamile kalma şansı yaklaşık %85’tir. View the fact sheet
ERKEK KANSERİ DONDURARAK SAKLAMA VE DOĞURGANLIK
Terimler genellikle medyada ve gündelik konuşmalarda birbirinin yerine kullanıldığı için bu kafa karıştırıcı olmakla birlikte bu iki terim birbirinden oldukça farklıdır. View the fact sheet
ERKEKTE KISIRLIĞIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Kısırlık, bir yıl boyunca korunmasız cinsel ilişkiye rağmen gebelik elde edilememesi olarak tanımlanır. View the fact sheet
Kilo ve Doğurganlık
Gebelik için ideal kiloda olup olmadığınızı anlamanın en kolay yollarından biri, vücut kitle indeksinizi (VKİ) hesaplamaktır. View the fact sheet
Varikosel
Varikosel, skrotumda (testisleri tutan torba) bulunan damarların genişlemesidir. View the fact sheet
SART Fertility Experts - Male Factor
Infertility is not just a female problem. Dan candidly shares his journey with both diagnosis and treatment of male infertility with Dr. Paul Lin.
Listen to the Episode
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
A procedure called intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) can be done along with in vitro fertilization (IVF) if a sperm cannot penetrate the outer layer of an egg. Read the Fact Sheet
SART Fertility Experts - IVF: Cycles of Hope and Heartbreak
Does stress cause infertility or is it the other way round? Listen to the Episode
Fertility Options After Vasectomy
Vasectomy is currently one of the most common methods of sterilization in the United States. After your vasectomy, if you change your mind about having children, there are two procedures that can help you have a child with your partner. View the Fact Sheet
Testosterone use and male infertility
Testosterone (also referred to as “T”) is a hormone produced in men by the testes (testicles). View the fact sheet
SART Fertility Experts - Male Fertility
Did you know that up to 40% of infertile couples suffer from male factor infertility? Listen to the Episode
Infertility: an Overview (booklet)
Infertility is typically defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy after one year of unprotected intercourse. View the booklet
Male Fertility and Infertility - a patient education video
Male Factor Infertility is responsible for about 30% of infertility cases and can contribute infertility to an additional 20% of cases. Watch Video
Infertility
Infertility is the result of a disease (an interruption, cessation, or disorder of body functions, systems, or organs) of the male or female reproductive tract which prevents the conception of a child or the ability to carry a pregnancy to delivery. Watch Video
Basic Infertility Evaluation
Dr. Roger Lobo of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine discusses the various methods to evaluate infertility. Watch Video
Infertility Treatments
Dr. Roger Lobo of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine discusses the various treatments for infertility. Watch Video
Understanding Fertility
In this video series, Dr. Roger Lobo explains the basics of infertility, including causes, treatments and coping methods. Watch Video
Surviving the Roller Coaster Emotions of Infertility Treatment
The experience of infertility is a rollercoaster of hope and disappointment. Treatment presents an opportunity for hope as well as a new set of challenges. Watch Video
Causes of Male Infertility
Dr. Roger Lobo, of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine explains the causes of male infertility. Watch Video
FAQ About Infertility
Infertility is not an inconvenience; it's a disease of the reproductive system. Learn the facts
Male Fertility Infographics
ASRM has prepared infographics to illustrate the subject of Male Fertility better. View the infographicsPolycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
PCOS with Dr. Mark Trolice and Dr. Anuja Dokras
In this episode of the SART Fertility Experts podcast, Dr. Mark Trolice sits down with PCOS expert Dr. Anuja Dokras, who explains diagnosis, risks, fertility, lifestyle changes, and new treatments to empower women with PCOS in 2025 and beyond. Listen to the Episode
Conditions Treated with Surgery on the Fallopian Tubes and Ovaries
Surgery can be used to treat problems with the ovaries or fallopian tubes, such as cysts, endometriosis, or infections. View the Fact Sheet
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common hormone disorder that affects 5-10% of women. View the fact sheet
Weight and fertility
One of the easiest ways to determine if you are underweight or overweight is to calculate your body mass index (BMI). View the fact sheet
Polikistik Over Sendromu (PKOS)
Polikistik over sendromu (PKOS), kadınların %5-10’unu etkileyen yaygın bir hormon bozukluğudur. View the fact sheet
SART Fertility Experts - PCOS
As the most common hormonal disorder in women, PCOS is a disruptive problem that impacts aspects of a woman’s health, including getting pregnant.
Listen to the Episode
Ovarian drilling for infertility
Often, women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) do not have regular menstrual periods. View the fact sheet
Hirsutism and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (booklet)
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition in which the ovaries contain many cystic follicles associated with chronic anovulation (lack of ovulation) and overproduction of androgens (male hormones). View the booklet
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Infographics
ASRM has prepared infographics to illustrate the subject of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome better. View the InfographicsFind a Health Professional
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